Familiarising The Dunera Boys

For my major project, I’ve chosen to work with The Dunera and Queen Mary Association. Members of this not-for-profit organisation do amazing work to preserve the memory of the Dunera Boys, and continue their legacy of education and community. 

After the outbreak of World War II, Britain declared that all “enemy aliens” of the state were to be deported aboard the HMT Dunera and sent to various internment camps in Australia. By July 1940, over 2,000 men of Austrian and German descent (that resided in Britain at the time) found themselves in rural New South Wales and Victoria. Additionally, the RMS Queen Mary sailed 295 “enemy aliens” from Singapore (a British colony at the time). The gruelling, 57-day voyage subjected passengers to inhumane conditions beneath the ship where few saw sunlight before reaching Australia, and many experienced abuse and theft at the hands of British guards. They were interned in Hay and Orange (NSW), and in Tatura (VIC). 

Many of these men would spend years of the war—years of their lives—stuck behind the barbed wire fences in drought-struck Australia, while war waged at home. These internment camps were flooded with some of Europe’s most colourful creatives and brightest academics. Dunera experts, Ken Inglis and Seumas Sparks have noted that “there is no one Dunera or Queen Mary story”. These camps became a mosaic of minds; where one could find artists, photographers, and academics of all walks of life. Composers re-wrote classic compositions from memory alongside their own original scores—to be performed for camp audiences (and sometimes guards) on a piano donated by a local church. Artists like Robert Hofmann and Erwin Fabian never stopped drawing (see above). Their works now serve as chronicles that document the many faces that passed through the camps; they capture isolation and, at times, helplessness that came with living in the internment camps. Despite the confinement, such a vibrant and lively group of men organised an active camp, with a “university”, an (aforementioned) orchestra, and even created a camp currency.

My great grandfather was a Dunera Boy himself. It altered his life completely, and he never would have met his future wife if not for the HMT Dunera. Although his dislike for this period of his life was always reflected in his reluctance to discuss it, when he did, he could always recall the smell of fresh fruit. Working in the camp’s vegetable garden and orchard as a fruit picker, he could still smell the scent of fresh oranges and peaches, straight off the tree, seventy years later.

Ironically, Mark Dunn’s talk on physical sites of public history got me thinking about how these camps don’t exist anymore (as many were demolished and/or now sit on private land). Their memory, for such a unique and specific period of Australian history, is incredibly intangible. It is their memories and their creations that now serve as public history, and breathe life into this history. Furthermore, after reading Darcy Campbell’s reflection on her HSTY3811 project, I knew I wanted to explore a topic that felt a bit more personal (and challenge my own knowledge of the Dunera). After deciding to reach out to this organisation and having a look at their current website, acting-President Michelle was very enthusiastic about producing a digitised public history of notable Dunera Boys. While the Dunera Boys are often collectively studied, their individual lives (both before and after internment) are less accessible to the public. My project would hold a space—a public platform—for the organisation to preserve individual histories on each of the Dunera Boys. It is a collaboration I am very proud of and work that I find immensely rewarding. While every Dunera Boy has passed, the association is led by children, grandchildren, and now great-grandchildren.

Yiu Ming Hung Fook Tong Society

The Yiu Ming Hung Fook Tong Society is a historic Chinese Australian community organisation established by immigrants from the Gaoyao and Gaoming districts of Guangdong Province, China. The society’s presence in Sydney dates back to the 1870s, when an early temple was established in Arncliffe before the community eventually settled in Alexandria. By 1890, a significant proportion of Sydney’s Chinese population had established a community along Retreat Street, near Botany Road in Alexandria, making the area one of Australia’s oldest Chinese residential and cultural communities.

One of the society’s most significant historical and cultural assets is the Yiu Ming Temple, which is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register. Constructed between 1908 and 1909, the temple is a rare and well-preserved example of a traditional Chinese village temple, incorporating distinctive Federation-era brickwork and architectural details. The temple is primarily dedicated to Hung Shing, the Chinese sea deity, while also honoring Guan Di and Cai Shen. Its architectural significance and continued religious and cultural functions reflect the society’s longstanding role in preserving Chinese traditions and heritage within the Australian community.
Historically, the Yiu Ming Hung Fook Tong Society played an important role in providing social, practical, financial, and spiritual support to Chinese immigrants in Australia. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Chinese migrants often faced significant challenges, including racial discrimination, economic hardship, language barriers, and social isolation. In response, the society served as a mutual support network, helping newly arrived migrants settle into Australian society while maintaining connections with their ancestral homeland. Beyond providing practical assistance, the society also played also assisted with funeral arrangements and the repatriation of deceased members’ remains to China, reflecting the traditional Chinese belief in maintaining connections with one’s ancestral roots.

The reason why I am interest in this society stems from Australia’s long history of immigration and the significant contributions of Chinese migrants to its multicultural society. As a relatively recent arrival in Australia, I hope that my involvement in this public history project will provide me with a deeper understanding of the experiences, challenges, and everyday lives of early Chinese immigrants and Chinese Australians during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Furthermore, in traditional Chinese culture, the concept of “roots” holds particular significance, representing an individual’s connection to their ancestral homeland, cultural heritage, and sense of identity. This connection is often regarded as something that should be preserved, even across generations and geographical boundaries. Therefore, I am particularly interested in exploring how Chinese Australians, both in the past and present, have understood and maintained their cultural roots while adapting to life in Australia. Through this project, I hope to investigate how their relationships with their ancestral homeland, cultural traditions, and Australian identity have evolved over time.

Across the Western Suburbs: The Granville Historical Society

For my major project, I have decided to work with the Granville Historical Society. The Granville Historical Society was formed in 1988 by June and Barry Bullivant. The Bullivant’s had a “passion” for the local history of the area, and successive members of the society itself have dedicated over the past 40 years to preserving the local history of Granville. The society has also dedicated a large part of its archival collection to family history and past prominent families of the area.

Everyone has a story, and I find that the study of local history is an important yet sometimes overlooked area of the greater area of historical studies. Looking at local history means understanding the lives and times of ordinary people, as well as the development of the city’s suburbs, local infostructures, urban landscape etc. In a city as big as Sydney, there is a wide range of areas to look at, but each of the histories of these suburbs is as fascinating enough within their own right and should warrant some interest to those who are interested.

I knew that from the very beginning of this project I wanted to look at the development of a suburb within Sydney. I also knew that this project would require me to be physically present with the organisation, so I quickly decided that I wanted to work with an organisation that was close to where I live. It was an obvious choice then, to work with an organisation based around the Western Sydney region.

Soon after, I contacted the Granville Historical Society, and a meeting was soon arranged to discuss my impending project. When I arrived at the organisation’s headquarters in Carlton Street, I explained to the society’s members what my major project was, and after some discussion, the members of the society and myself agreed that a video presentation explaining the history of the organisation would be a good project for myself and society to engage with. Afterwards, I was shown various archival pieces held by the society. This large archival collection, which ranged from old photographs of local rugby league groups to surviving street signages that had been saved from the tip were very interesting to see in person. Many of the pieces within this collection also date as far back as the early 20th and late 19th century! Seeing these pieces gave me a good idea on what sort of materials and collections I would be working with for my video presentation.

There are a few challenges which might occur throughout my research process and the gradual making of this video presentation. For example, since the project will be drawing from an extensive archival collection, a large portion of my research with the organisation will be deciding what sort of material I want to use in the video, and which of this material is relevant to the history of the organisation. At this stage though, these are only trivial compilations, and I am very excited to see where this project takes me over the next month!

HSTY3811: In the Archives of USYD Women’s College

History is not simply about understanding the past, but also about examining how the past has been recorded, interpreted and remembered. This is the central focus of my current research project within the archives of The Women’s College at the University of Sydney, where I am investigating the origins and production of the College’s first comprehensive written history.

Background

Established by an Act of the New South Wales Parliament in 1889, The Women’s College opened its doors in 1892 as Australia’s first university residential college for women. Its establishment followed the University of Sydney’s decision in 1881 to admit women to undergraduate degrees on equal terms with men, representing an important development in Australian women’s access to higher education. Under its first Principal, Louisa Macdonald, the College initially accommodated just four resident students in a rented house in Glebe, before relocating to its permanent home on the University grounds in 1894. Since then, the College has played an important role in advancing women’s education, scholarship and leadership.

Project

Relatively little academic attention has been devoted to documenting the College’s past. One particularly significant contribution is The History of the Women’s College within the University of Sydney, published in 1953 by two College alumnae, W. Vere Hole and Anne H. Treweeke. Covering the College’s development from its establishment in 1892 through to the mid-twentieth century, the book remains a foundational scholarly account of the institution’s early history.

My current project seeks to investigate the history behind this publication. Although the book provides an account of the College’s development, questions remain about the circumstances surrounding its creation. Questions I investigate include:

  • Why was the history written in the early 1950s?
  • Why were Hole and Treweeke selected to undertake the work?
  • Was the publication formally commissioned by the College, or did it emerge from the authors’ own interests and connections to the institution?

Equally important is understanding the historical research that informed the publication. Through examining archival material, I hope to identify the sources, correspondence and institutional records that contributed to the authors’ work. This involves considering not only what historical evidence was available to them, but also how they selected, interpreted and presented that evidence. Understanding their research methods may reveal how institutional histories were constructed during the mid-twentieth century, particularly when written by individuals with personal connections to the organisations they documented.

The project also raises broader questions about historical memory and the relationship between institutions and their own histories. As former residents, Hole and Treweeke occupied a distinctive position as both participants in, and historians of, the College’s story. Their perspectives may have shaped which individuals, events and achievements were emphasised, as well as what was omitted.

Ultimately, my research aims to contribute to the College’s understanding of an important publication within its archival collection. By uncovering how and why this history was produced, I hope to illuminate not only the College’s past, but also the processes through which that past has been preserved and remembered.

Old Boys at War: An Exploration into the Old Boys Union at Parramatta Marist

Mateo Soriano

The project I have chosen to complete has a couple of facets that I have planned out with the Old Boys coordinator, Adam Hendry, and the alumni liaison, Jacqueline Roveto. 

First Section – HSC Assistance (HSC Ignition) 

This year, Parramatta Marist has decided to launch a program called HSC Ignition, which is an event for the class of 2027 that introduces different courses and outlines the expectations of the subject and the school. In assisting within this project, I have developed different slide decks and resources for students alongside history teachers and archival teams for devising study strategies. I will also be giving a presentation to the Year 12s on excelling in history subjects in the HSC program. While not necessarily a production of history, it utilised skills in research and creating informational panels that aim to inform pedagogical practice. 

This event is particularly useful to the school and its future year 12 graduate students, in which our work in archival research and historical faculty communication can produce grounded and understandable resources. Particularly in academic fields, the gathering of alumni has become a way to exercise my historical skills; multidisciplinary communication, creative and critical thinking, and devising a pedagogical strategy were all very much needed in this project. 

Second Section – Old Boys at War 

This is a much more history-detailed project that involves a lot of archiving. I have teamed up with the archival department to produce records on an official document of all the alumni from the school who have served in wars that involved Australia. I am also working on collecting more information on records that have not been completed or researched about enough. This includes biographical information, pictures, and connections to Parramatta Marist. 

The archival project is particularly useful to enable the school to commemorate its various alumni who have given light to the people involved in Australian-fought wars. It also forms a bond between modern students in the school and historical figures who previously attended it, developing a shared sense of respect for wartime heroes through communal connection. In this way, students are more inclined to respect the rich cultural history behind the Marist title, alongside appreciating and commemorating heroes who have served in devastating wars. 

Third Section – Year 9 History Project 

Utilising the information collated with the Old Boys at War project, alongside the newly reformed 2027 history syllabus, I want to create a project for year 9 students to work on that engages with commemorating Old Boys and their participation in war. Using notes from the excursion at the Australian Museum, I have chosen to undertake a project that involves students actually ‘doing’ history – this is particularly in the sect of constructing narratives based on limited information. Because Marist operates on a Project-Based Learning (PBL) system, students can undergo a project that involves the students putting research into the alumni themselves and produce a memorial piece that could be displayed in a museum.

This section is ultimately how I aim to produce a meaningful effect for students after working on the Old Boys at War project. Instead of curating a collection of archives for students to look through, the aim is to utilise the PBL system to directly engage with and immerse themselves in actually ‘doing’ history. In this way, ‘usefulness’ is generated in developing the historical skills of devising narratives and accurately representing the past with respect and connection. 

Faith in the Heart of the City: The St James’ Institute

In October 1819, Governor Macquarie laid the foundation stone for a new building that was at that time situated towards the edge of a small convict town. Designed by convict architect Francis Greenway as a courthouse, it was never finished as one. When it was already half-built, Commissioner Bigge baulked at the proposed cost for a grand cathedral proposed by Macquarie, and instead the building was converted to a church. When that building was consecrated as St James’ in 1824, it stood as the tallest structure of Sydney, with its spire guiding ships into the harbour. Two centuries later, it is now the oldest church building in Sydney, residing quietly at the heart of a global city that grown to tower around it.

Yet although the city may have grown around St James’, it still continues to return to it. For two centuries now Sydney has used the place as both a house of worship and repository of civic memory. Step inside the church and you find its walls are adorned with stories of the city’s growth and development, through the numerous marble tablets and brass plaques dedicated to governors, explorers, soldiers and parishioners.

Due to this, there are not too many buildings better positioned that St James to invite questions about how Sydney remembers its past. And for all of us history minded and inclined, we are very lucky that the St James’ Institute exists as an organisation that is willing and able to are for this memory. The Institute, established in 2007 and growing out of a spirituality centre founded by the Church in 1989 is the embodiment of the parish’s long-time commitment to education. The Institute describes itself as “a place of safety, diversity and dialogue in the heart of the city” and various events for people along all stages of their faith journey. 

To do this, the Institute welcomes numerous special guests including premier historians, poets, judges and theologians to lead lectures, discussions and seminars that cover an array of different topics. For example, this springs sessions are titled Shall All Really be Saved? and explores Christian universalism, whilst last year a series of talks titled Searching for the Real Secret River explored the Dyarubbin Project and the history of the Hawkesbury River.

This is a screenshot of the 2026 Program released by the institute, which provides a list of all the events that take place throughout the year. This can be accessed on the St James’ Institute web page.

On top of this, the Institute also leads tours of the church for school and community groups, exploring all different angles such as art, history, music and spirituality.

Personally, what really interests me about the Institute is how rare it is. It is a religious institution whose story and development is directly connected with that of Sydney itself. Not only that, but it actively seeks to partake within that history, rather than be a passive holder of it. What the Institute uniquely does is transform the space that hosts liturgy’s and theological sermons into one of honest and frank discussions of Sydney’s past and the churches place within it.

It is from this foundation that my project begins. Titled “What Mean Ye by These Stones?”, my plan is to create a walking tour of the churches memorials that asks who or what exactly has been remembered by the Church within a particular point in time, and who made the choice to commemorate.

Camden Museum: A Small Rural Museum With Many Stories to Tell

As a history student, it is a little sad when I say that I know very little about the history of the place I call home. Swept up in the usual university history subjects of empires, global connections and cultural movements, I never found the time to appreciate my own history. So why not knock out a unit and some research of personal interest in one go by taking HSTY3811: History Beyond the Classroom. However, this blog is not solely about me, so I’d like to enlighten you, my reader, on quite the intriguing institution that I will be working with for this class.

I reached out to Camden Museum, my local museum, for my public history project. I had been there once as a child, not thinking much of it and speeding through (it was a hot day and I was probably eager to claim that ice cream my parents had promised), equating it more to a collection of objects my grandparents might have stashed away somewhere for sentimental purposes. But therein lies its charm. Camden Museum uses its significant collection of over 4000 objects to tell the story of the everyday lives of the people who lived and worked in this area, spanning several cultures and vast generations. This object-based focus brings to light the importance of the mundane and hidden histories, including but not limited to First Nations and women.

The Nixon Room, Camden Museum.
Image from Museums and Galleries NSW, https://mgnsw.org.au/organisations/camden-museum/

The museum is situated in the old School of Arts and Municipal Council building on John Street, Camden, adjacent to Camden Library, incredibly fitting for a place of research, and just to top it all off, Camden Museum is in partnership with Camden Area Family History Society, so there are a lot of interesting rabbit holes you can get yourself stuck into without ever having to leave the building.

The museum itself is run by the Camden Historical Society, a knowledgeable and enthusiastic bunch of people from all walks of life. Although I’ve expressed how tempting it is to hide away in the myriad of artifacts, books and photos, somehow the Camden Historical Society volunteers do find the strength to relinquish the desire to stay and go out and actively engage with the community. They provide educational programs, participate in community events and publish the Camden Journal, which expands on intangible topics and the community at large. Their community involvement works to bridge the gap between local history and the people of Camden.

Camden Museum and Library, John Street, Camden.
Image from Museums and Galleries of NSW, https://mgnsw.org.au/organisations/camden-museum/

If you ever have the great pleasure of meeting these people as I have, be prepared for some seriously engaging conversations on whatever topic floats your boat. This society nurtures everybody’s interests, no matter how obscure, including my own, which now leads me to a sneak peek of my project with them.

I adore historical clothing, costume history and reproduction sewing and boy, did they let me indulge that. Camden Museum houses many items of clothing, including a blazer that belonged to Elizabeth ‘Liz’ Kernohan from the University of Sydney (I thought this was VERY cool) and a magnificent wedding dress from 1899 that has been in the collection since Camden Museum’s beginning in the 1970s. The latter of which I have gotten my grubby little hands on (do not come for me; I have not actually touched the dress in question yet, and if I ever do, I promise my hands will be freshly washed) and will be producing an article about it for publication in the Camden Journal, which you, my dear reader, will just have to wait to read, and I promise you it will be a gripping one.

Behind the Camera: Documenting the History of History Teaching

For just one second, the room feels strangely quiet. My cameras are all set up, I grip tightly onto the printed questions sitting on my lap and my interviewee is waiting. Two weeks have gone by in the blink of an eye and here I am, ready to ask thoughtful questions about history teaching, the organisation and the experiences of those who have been part of it. I press record. I take a deep breath.

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This is where my HSTY3811 project commences.

For my project, I am working with the History Teacher’s Association of NSW (HTANSW), an organisation that was established in 1954 by Renée Fauvette Erdos.After twelve years in state schools, Renée Erdos became Sydney Technical College’s first Head Teacher of History in 1948 and, finding no dedicated forum for History teachers, set out to create one. Over the many years and decades the organisation has promoted the teaching of history and brought together a community of history educators from all around the state. 

HTANSW’s early years were defined by advocacy. In 1954, the same year the association was founded, the Wyndham Committee Inquiry into secondary education was established, and HTANSW moved quickly to present a submission on behalf of History teachers. Its founding purpose was strikingly simple, “as teachers of History we want to meet and discuss the teaching of History and issues connected with our teaching of History” and that collegial ethos continues to shape everything it does today. 

Foundation document written by Renée Erdos, outlining the outcome of the first meeting of HTANSW on 30 July 1954. Retrieved from HTANSW Archives

As though I was a state librarian in search of archival material, I put on my gloves, flipped the pages with a tiny flickering bulb above my head and what caught my interest in HTANSW was not how the organisation concerned itself with the history curriculum. Instead, it was the community and the differing experiences of teachers who have first-hand insight into the changing nature of history education, curriculum, technology and Australian society across generations.

A classroom at the newly opened Ingleburn High School, early 1960s. Source: NSW Department of Education.

This raised one simple question: What does the history of history teaching look like when it is recounted by those who experienced it? 

Rather than solely relying on written records, I deliberately wanted my project to predominately focus on oral history interviews. For those memories, experiences, emotions and perspectives that came with being a part of HTANSW, I wanted to capture it all through the medium of film. Over the mid-semester break, I conducted my first two interviews with HTANSW Executive Officer, Jonathan Dallimore and President, Anne Gripton. 

I am also learning that turning these interviews into a documentary means more than simply putting conversations together. I want my final film/documentary to feel like a portrait of history teaching. If history is often preserved in the archives, HTANSW reminds us that it also lives in people. Jonathan mentioned to me early on that documenting these experiences was something the organisation had wanted to do for a long time. Knowing that has made the small red recording light more significant.

And so I sit behind the camera thinking to myself about what it means to record history. There is no dusty archive in front of me, just a camera, a list of questions and a person with a story to tell. 

Perhaps that is where history begins, not only in what we preserve but in what we remember.

Applejack Hospitality Company: a history of people

For my major project I am working with Applejack Hospitality company. (AJ) The company is 15 years old and has grown from a small 1 venue restaurant, closer to pub style, in Bondi, to now 12 vastly different venues and growing still.

My interest in this area spiked as Mark Dunn’s seminar mentioned his work into the history of Wynyard escalators and the histories of Sydney’s pubs. This dive into public history couldn’t be surmised better than the places we frequent to eat and drink, Sydney’s hospitality industry. I picked Applejack as I have worked in their Kirribilli venue, The Botanist (TBK), for a couple years – which admittedly has given me ‘the in’ with many executives.

My project is taking shape as an oral history project, in the form of interviews with Applejack’s employees. By creating an online magazine, I can combine my creativity and utilize what I’m calling the ‘untraditional archive’. This is made up of design plans, old menus, and dockets, etc. The employee ranges range from floor and bar staff all the way to Head of Beverage, Marketing, HR, and the CEOS. I am aware of the daunting amount of work I have cut out for myself. I have highlighted 5 of the 16 interviewees that the magazine will highlight with one main venue to spotlight.

When examining the justification for a project like this, I fall to: How has Applejack grown and thrived within an industry that is constantly ebbing. Hospitality culture has its faults like any other industry and the long everchanging hours burns staff out quickly. That being said, I chose to believe and hypothesize that Applejack’s belief in people and a healthy culture is the reason they have been able to retain staff, grow, and thrive.

Further than the interviews, I am looking into scholarship and media around hospitality companies in Sydney. This helps to contextualize my project within larger hospitality industry. I have worked with other hospitality companies and though you inevitably find friends where you work, the culture everywhere else is vastly different from AJ’s. As I am focusing on TBK, I can investigate the history of the building: transition from a Gentlemen’s Club to an Italian restaurant to now a ‘local neighbourhood gem’.


One of the interviews I am quite excited by is my co-worker Charlotte and her parents. Charlotte grew up in Kirribilli and came to TBK for dinner on a semi-weekly basis and become a beloved TBK regular. Over the past ten years Charlotte has seen countless menus cycle through and now works as a waitress. Funnily enough, I met her years ago looking after her family and knew her parents regular wine order before putting two and two together. I am also
As I have scheduled about half of my interviews, I can see the project taking shape. After each, I am sharing a link to a shared folder for interviewees to search for ‘behind-the-scenes’ footage of the company which I am quite excited for.

Sporting Institutions as Historical Sites: Working with Ramsgate RSL Football Club

The organisation I’ll be working with is the football club I play for, Ramsgate RSL Football Club. They play in the suburb of Ramsgate in the St George area, and they have teams from U5’s all the way to O35S men’s and women’s teams. I have played for the club for the past three years, holding captaincy positions within my team, and I helped run the BBQ last year for the canteen; in that role, I built rapport with many board members, including the former and current club president. They are a club with a storied history, founded in 1959 by the local primary school and later, in 1984, merging with the local RSL club, and have grown ever since, with up to 40 teams in competitions at one time.  

The current badge of Ramsgate RSL Football Club

As an aspiring historian, I have always loved history from below, focusing on the community aspect of history and the people most affected by the events around them. One area that is most overlooked to me is sport. It isn’t as academic or impactful as other areas of history, or as credible in our society compared with museums or libraries, which hold our histories. Although it is less formal than these areas, I strive to show that sport and recreation institutions carry as much weight in telling a story as other institutions. I have previously assessed the importance of sports and recreation societies in the local community, specifically within migrant communities, which is the case for Ramsgate, as according to the 2021 census data there is a higher Greek population than there is Australian in the Ramsgate-Sans Souci area. This organisation is a cornerstone of the community and has become a place for all people to come together and continue making history.

I came forward with this project as someone as a member of this community, wanting to show off the proud history of our club and our community, and they have been very receptive and welcoming to the project so far and the idea of strengthening our already strong bond within the neighbourhood. Their club webpage has gaps in the history: they once had a physical display in the RSL, but it has since been removed, and the archives and materials have been stored safely in the RSL and around the suburb, in community members’ homes. There have been previous attempts to recreate a physical display and update the webpage, but these have stalled due to other priorities and a lack of time from club board members to complete them. Working together on this project kills three birds with one stone: creating a much-needed update to the club’s history, me conducting my project for my university course, and, most importantly, telling the story of this organisation that has been so influential in the community and how important is still important today. I’m looking forward to working with the club in the coming weeks to create something that showcases their amazing history and supports the organisation’s longevity.