Category: History Beyond the Classroom – HSTY3811 – 2024

A little-known treasure lies in the bustling area around the University of Sydney: the Royal Prince Alfred (RPA) Hospital Museum. Despite its proximity to the university, many students and locals remain unaware of its existence. Open only from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Wednesdays and Thursdays, this museum may be small, which comprises merely a corridor and a few rooms, but it is rich with the history of one of Australia’s most prominent hospitals. The RPA Hospital Museum has chronicled the history of Sydney’s healthcare system in terms of the artifacts from hospitals in the surrounding region, offering visitors a glimpse into the evolution of medical care.

The RPA Hospital was founded in 1882, and over its long history, it has seen transformative changes in healthcare practices and medical technologies. Therefore, displaying medical artifacts, documents, and photographs from over a century of service, the museum gives visitors an in-depth look at how the hospital has grown alongside the community it serves. It doesn’t just highlight technological progress but also reflects on societal changes, such as the shifting roles of medical professionals and the evolving perceptions of healthcare workers.

Among the many compelling exhibits in the museum, one that stands out is the story of nurse training and its evolution over the past century. A hundred years ago, nursing as a profession was vastly different from what it is today. Nurses were often regarded similarly to household workers or chefs, with no requirement for formal higher education. In fact, hospitals themselves provided training, as nurses’ primary responsibilities were focused on patients’ daily care and comfort rather than on medical tasks. However, as the demands of healthcare grew, nurses began taking on more and more responsibilities that had previously been reserved for doctors. This shift required nurses to gain a deeper understanding of medical practices, leading to nursing becoming a respected profession in its own right. This made nurses highly trained medical professionals who play an indispensable role in patient care.

Beyond the evolution of nursing, the museum also sheds light on the broader advancements in healthcare technology and institutional systems over the past 150 years, which is also what mental healthcare has come through. In the past, individuals suffering from mental illnesses were often isolated in asylums, where they were treated as criminals or societal outcasts. Mental health patients were misunderstood and ostracized, with little consideration for their human dignity. Today, society has made significant progress in understanding and treating mental health conditions. Patients are no longer viewed as dangers to society but as individuals who need care and support. This transformation is mirrored in the history of mental health services in the surrounding area, which played a pivotal role in changing attitudes toward mental illness in Sydney. For my incoming history project, I am going to delve deeper into this topic in the context of hospitals in the Sydney Local Health District. When did the mental healthcare services start to be neutralized? Who are the main drivers of these changes? What are the main factors that induce these changes? How did these emergencies perform compared to other regions in Australia, or even different countries?

The power of community organisations to provide care for those who are struggling is immense, especially children. Centipede Out of School Hours Care (COOSHC) located within Glebe Public School plays an integral role in offering a safe and enjoyable haven every weekday morning and afternoon. Starting with just a gold coin donation in the mid 80’s, after-school care became formally organised under the Centipede name in 2012. Working in conjunction with the state government, Centipede is able to provide experiences many of the Glebe students wouldn’t normally get.  

“We aim to broaden our horizons to new experiences, learning opportunities and challenges”

– Centipede Website: Philosophy

Centipede also places a significant emphasis on their connection to the local Indigenous community, acting as an arm of support for organising events such as community BBQ’s and education sessions. With a proportionally high number of Indigenous families attending the centre, the week-to-week programming of activities include Dot Painting and Aboriginal sports. An emphasis on engagement as well as respect creates a sustainable and mature environment for the children which attend.

In this current day and age, primary school children are being loaded with activities both before and after school – whether it be sport, music, tutoring etc. As part of Centipede’s philosophy, it aims to provide a space where children can use their imagination and count on having the resources to learn and grow. Cooking, self-led art, free play and incursions create an environment which kids look forward to coming to before and after gruelling school days.

– Images Supplied by Centipede

Undertaking a project such as this, I hope to collate a collection of oral histories from a number of pivotal people in the organisation. In correspondence with coordinator Keryn Jaos, the brief is relatively open – in her own words “I am excited to see what you find”.

The website is suitable at current, but with the introduction of an “about us” or “our history” section with work collated in this project, the significance of the service will be promoted far more. Along with this, I hope to publish the content in a bulletin of the Glebe Society (a community newsletter) in order to seek further donations and support. Selfishly, its fascinating learning about the history of such a pivotal local organisation – but to think that maybe my work can help its financial viability, makes me more excited to do a thorough job.

An important feature of Centipede is its recognised status by the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission. This means, that while fees are included, the service goes above and beyond to support disadvantaged children within the community. This may simply be in the form of subsidised attendance allowing parents to have more flexibility with work opportunities OR serving up to three meals a day for those who don’t receive it at home. Creating a space such as this which offers a wide array of services is integral in the function of the Glebe community.

The service counts on community organised fundraisers – often through the Glebe Society – as well as individual donations to keep providing these opportunities to kids in Glebe.

If you would like to donate, you can do so through this link:

https://www.acnc.gov.au/charity/charities/b15ece7b-39af-e811-a963-000d3ad244fd/profile

OR email the Brian, the treasurer at treasurer@centipede.org.au

“A small amount of money can go far to assist with the cost of a child’s before, after school and vacation care programs”

Chloe Groom – Glebe Society Bulletin 9, November 2023

For as long as I can remember, a winter Saturday morning has only meant one thing: netball. Ever since primary school, my mum, my sisters and I have spent countless Saturdays down at our local netball association, where we play, coach, umpire, and, every so often, enjoy a bacon and egg roll from the community-run BBQ. It’s often an all-day, if not all-weekend, affair. As juniors, Mum and Dad would cart us all around Sydney for representative carnivals, and we’re now avid fans and members of our national league team, the NSW Swifts, and frequently head out to Olympic Park to watch their matches in person. Sometimes, I wonder what it would be like to have your weekends not taken up by the all-consuming force that is netball. But despite the commitment, there’s something about it that keeps us coming back every year.

For many girls and women across the country, their winter Saturday morning plans mimic mine. For decades, women and girls have flocked in droves to their local netball courts every weekend. Netball is Australia’s leading team sport for female participation, ranked only just behind AFL for overall participation across men and women. At its core, netball is a sport that was built for women, by women. In fact, Super Netball is the only professional league in Australia where the female code is the main event.

Perhaps that’s what makes the sport so special, and part of the reason I’m so passionate about it. It’s a sport where women have paved their own path, carving out a space for girls to thrive. And at the very heart of the sport is local associations. It’s here where a community is built, where friendships are made, and where the netball superstars of the future are born.

That’s why I have chosen to complete my public history project with Hills District Netball, my local association. Originally founded as the Hills District Women’s Basketball Association, it has been a thriving community organisation since 1968. Each year, HDNA runs a Winter Day competition which takes place every Saturday, as well as Spring and Summer Night competitions, which also involve mixed teams with both men and women. These competitions are run by a group of passionate and committed volunteers, some of whom have been involved in the association for decades. They’ve even had former players go on to become national league players, including Cath Cox, who played with HDNA and went on to captain the Australian Diamonds.

Throughout my project with HDNA, I hope to use my passion for netball to delve into the association’s rich history. Having been a part of the association’s netball competitions for years, I’d love to give back to the organisation through using my knowledge and skills to create an engaging public history project. Along the way, I hope to uncover how HDNA has evolved over the years into the netball-loving community it is today.

I would like to acknowledge the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation, the traditional custodians of the land from which I am writing, and pay my respects to the Elders both past and present. I would also like to acknowledge the Dunghutti and other First Nations peoples of this country who were victims of the Australian Government policies that created the Stolen Generations.

To understand Kinchela Boys Home Aboriginal Corporation (KBHAC), one must first understand what Kinchela Boys Training Home (KBH) was, and its continuing impacts. KBH was built on the stolen land of the Dunghutti people, 20km north-east of Kempsey in New South Wales. This ‘home’ housed young Aboriginal boys who had been forcibly removed from their families by the NSW Government for almost 50 years (1924–1970). While at KBH, the boys, who received numbers instead of being referred to by their names, were stripped of their childhood and Aboriginality, enduring a forcible assimilation project.

The nature of KBH makes this site a place of deep importance for survivors, their families and the community, with the site and the memories of survivors acting as a historical record of destructive policies implemented by the Australian Government, and also an opportunity for the education of Australians today. If you would like hear more about KBH, I would recommend the video created by KBHAC for NAIDOC Week 2022 called We Were Just Little Boys, narrated by KBH survivors and illustrated by Uncle Richard Campbell, #28.

KBHAC emerged from the survivors KBH as a way to help with the restoration and reconstruction of the ‘identity, dignity and integrity of survivors.’ Another of the key aims of this organisation is to address the impacts of intergenerational trauma that is experienced by the families and descendants of the survivors of KBH. This mission becomes clear in the motto of the organisation:

‘Unlocking our past to free our future’

Finally, I would like to mention that October of this year marks 100 years since the gates of KBH were opened. As such, from the 18th-19th October, KBHAC invites KBH survivors, their descendants and families to honour the spirits of the children at KBH and to celebrate the past, present and future of KBHAC. I feel privileged that I will be able to volunteer at this event, and if you would like to offer your own form of assistance, you can donate here, or volunteer by emailing 100kbh@kbhac.org.au.

Conversation and community spirit transform The Glebe Community Op Shop from a humble corner store on 133 Glebe Street into the beating heart of Glebe. Connections fostered between residents within its four walls spread outward, running through the alleys and arteries of the neighbourhood in a network of trust and compassion, touching the lives of everyone around.  Friendly faces pass through the doors like clockwork, followed by a medley of greetings like “Lovely to see you again” and “How was your vacation last week?” that echo throughout the small, intimate space. On my first trip to the store, known affectionately as “The Oppy”, I was struck by this camaraderie as it was what I had hoped to find here as an exchange student living alone in a foreign country for the first time. Back home in Singapore, third places are on the decline as the ever-persistent threat of development looms over these humble, communal spaces. Having found a second home in second-hand stores for half a decade, the Oppy felt like a warm hug and a welcome home, reminding me of the same community spirit (or “kampung spirit” as Singaporeans call it) I felt in the neighbourhood thrift stores I frequented in Singapore. The natural affinity I felt for the cosy space and friendly people drew me to work with them for this project. 

Outside the Glebe Community Op Shop (photograph taken by me).

Known as Glebe’s “hidden gem”, The Oppy is a not-for-profit shop brimming with preloved treasures including clothes, accessories, bric-a-brac, and homeware. Eco-conscious shoppers get the chance to help reduce landfills in style, and bargain hunters can look forward to finding cheap steals too. The shop is run by long-time Glebe resident Heather Murphy and a team of volunteers. Things may only cost a few dollars at The Oppy, but their generosity is priceless. The shop channels its profits back into the community and collaborates with local organisations to support others in need, such as Rainbow Lodge, a residential support program for men to transition back into the community following a period of incarceration. Through GAPP1, clothing vouchers are given to these men so they can shop for free. Beyond Glebe, the shop has also positively impacted the international community. Heather has also contributed to funding the Kitchen Starter Pack Project, which provides essential cooking and eating equipment for those moving from temporary accommodation to self-contained housing, like those leaving Rainbow Lodge. Beyond Glebe, the shop has also positively impacted the international community. Boxes of clothing weighing up to 100kg have been sent from the shop to orphanages in the Philippines and Nepal, and even as part of disaster relief in the wake of floods in Sri Lanka. 

133 Glebe Street in the 1970s, when it was still a butchery. (Image taken from the Bernard and Kate Smith Glebe Photographs series on the City of Sydney Archives database.)

133 Glebe Street. The Op Shop is located on the ground floor. (Image taken from The Glebe Society Bulletin, credited to Jude Paul. )

The Oppy has been operating for 40 years, but this tradition of serving the community has long been tied to the site’s history. For a century before The Oppy, the building was home to a butchers’ shop, a family-run business that was one of only 27 commercial buildings serving residents living in 723 properties. Beyond the building itself, the suburb derives its name from the Latin ‘glaeba’ meaning a clod of earth because it was designated for use by the church. The Oppy has passed through the hands of the church, previously managed by Julie Breckenreg, former Hope Street and subsequently Heart of Glebe pastor and now by Heather, from The Glebe Christian Life Community. While profits are collected for the benefit of the Glebe community rather than the church now, the same mission of goodwill continues to ripple through time till today through the good work of the Glebe Community Op Shop.

DAS Neerlandia is a community organisation founded 70 years ago in the Northern Beaches of Sydney. This group was founded out of the community built around Het Tentenkamp, a tent city in the Northern Beaches following World War 2 and the influx of immigration it brought with it.

                  The Dutch like many under the occupation of the Nazis were returned to a country destroyed, and many rather than rebuilding sought to find a new life of opportunity and peace in Australia. However, the 14000 km distance was and is still an enormous way to go. Further, the Dutch community unlike the Italian, Greek or German community had no organisations helping resettlement of people to Australia. DAS was born out of this absence.

                  Centrally DAS was a club focussed on continuing Dutch culture, language, food, and drink. But also, in the early foundation of the club, it was a mutual cooperation, which played a vital role in establishing migrants into the area. Reading their own historical book which was written 20 years ago by Mijntje Hage shows how the club in its earliest years focussed on mutual cooperation. When one family would move out of Het Tentenkamp one more would move in buying the plot and a ladder of the Australian dream would be climbed. But the club also had a hand in the dramatic arts, games, sport, travel, and ‘discos’.

                  I first found out about this club as I searched for a place for my partner who is Dutch to feel gezillig and at home just a little. It has a brick-and-mortar club house nowadays which is its centre of activities compared to roaming between community centres from the 50’s to the 80’s.

The club has an ageing population which is getting smaller due to the passing of time and a lack of migration from the Netherlands. This is understood by the President and Secretary who are constantly trying to gain more members. This is hard as COVID changed the fabric of the community and individuals are more atomised than ever before. This club is really special and plays an important part in the community still and that is why I’ve chosen it for my project as places like these need to remain in the community.  

                  I intend to create the historical project around the people of the club, and not the institution itself. Why? Because the club is the volunteers, it is the Klaverjas club, it is the Oma’s who come every year with their huge families to eat bitterballen and vlaai. I will be able to interview them through a plan help devised by a classmate (Rose I think her name is please forgive me if it’s not). I as a bartender by trade will volunteer behind the counter and be able to have a captive audience of people. They will then be surveyed on their life at the Dutch club. From that, I am creating a multimedia website to collect the sounds, sites, and histories of the club. To help them I also am going to be adding survey questions to ask the clientele what they want to see more at the club and what will make them come more.

This club is so special. In an Australia in which community organisations like Workers Clubs, RSLs, and Bowling Clubs are dominated by problem drinking and the massive stain of addictive poker machines the Dutch club stands pure. Community organisations are supposed to serve the purpose of helping the community, and this is the sole purpose of this club.

Dankewel en Tot Ziens.